Depression and glycaemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study in a comprehensive specialised hospital, Jigjiga, Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression and its sociodemographic predictors, clinical predictors and glycaemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes at Sheik Hassan Yabare Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (SHYCSH), Jigjiga, Ethiopia. DESIGN: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted. SETTING: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at Sheik Hassan Yabare Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, for chronic follow-up from 3 October 2022 to 13 November 2022. PARTICIPANTS: Randomly selected 278 patients with T2DM age 18 years and older, with a duration of 1 year or more since diagnosis, who had a diabetic follow-up at SHYCSH. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 263 participants were included, with a response rate of 94.6%. Of the respondents, 134 (51%) were male, making up more than half of the total. The overall prevalence of depression was 47.1% (95% CI 41.1 to 53.2). Depression was further classified, as follows, based on its severity: the majority (66 or 25.1%) had mild depression, followed by 44 (16.7%) with moderate depression, 9 (3.4%) with moderately severe depression and 5 (1.9%) with severe depression. A multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that poor glycaemic control (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.93; 95% CI 1.05 to 3.53), DM complications (AOR=2.02; 95% CI 1.09 to 3.74) and DM duration of 6-10 years since diagnosis (AOR=2.29; 95% CI 1.21 to 4.34) were independently associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed a significant burden of depression among patients with T2DM receiving follow-up care at the hospital. Glycaemic control, the presence of complications and a longer duration of diabetes were identified as predictors of depression. Therefore, concerned stakeholders should work to improve blood sugar control and promote healthy behaviour, particularly among those with complications or who have been sick for an extended period of time.

Magnitude of central obesity and associated factors among adults working in government offices in Bedele town, Buno Bedele zone, Southwest Ethiopia.

Objective: Central obesity is an emerging public health problem globally and an independent risk factor for heart, blood vessels, and metabolic disorder. This study aimed to assess the central obesity and associated factors among adults working in government offices in Bedele town, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021. Methods: An institutional survey was conducted among randomly selected government offices. Anthropometric measurements were carried out. Face-to-face interview using standard questionnaires were also used to collect data. A total of 403 respondents were selected from the list of public office workers employed in Bedele Town. Data were entered into Epi data 3.1 then exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Each variable with a p value less than 0.25 in the bivariate analysis was entered into logistic regression and p value 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The response rate was 373 respondents (92.6%). The overall prevalence of central obesity among public office workers of Bedele town was 54.7%. Sitting for more than 5 h at workplace adjusted odds ratio = 2.911 (95% confidence interval = 1.644, 5.156), being a female adjusted odds ratio = 3.258 (95% confidence interval = 1.744, 6.047), age range of 40-49 (adjusted odds ratio = 4.520, 95% confidence interval = 1.798, 11.363), age ⩾ 50 years (adjusted odds ratio = 5.907, 95% confidence interval = 1.808, 19.297), being physically inactive (adjusted odds ratio = 4.594, 95% confidence interval = 2.313, 9.125), consumption of snack (adjusted odds ratio = 4.521, 95% confidence interval = 2.583, 7.913), and alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 2.324 95% confidence interval = 1.210, 4.463) were factors significantly associated with central obesity among office workers in Bedele town. Conclusion: The magnitude of central obesity was high among office workers in Bedele town and being female gender, older age, physical inactivity, consumption of snacks, and alcohol were associated with it. Physical exercise and a healthy lifestyle should be promoted to minimize the problem.

Magnitude and associated factors of peripheral neuropathy among diabetes patients attending Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Chronic complications of diabetes (DM) are a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Of these, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common. Screening using validated tools for DPN is crucial to prevent consequent complications. One of the useful tools for DPN screening in clinical practice is the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). However, there is limited information on DPN in the study area. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of DPN and its determinants among patients with type one DM (T1DM) attending Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) from January 2 to March 31, 2020. METHODS: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted and DPN was assessed using MNSI. Data were collected using pretested structured questionnaire and entered into EPI data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. A variable having a p-value of <0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression analysis were subjected to multivariable logistic regression analysis to avoid confounding variable's effect. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated at 95% confidence interval (CI) and considered significant with a p-value of ≤0.05 in the final model. RESULTS: A total of 217 study participants with T1DM who met inclusion criteria were recruited consecutively during the study period. Their mean age was 43 ± 15.5 years and the overall prevalence of DPN was 37.3% among study participants. The independent predictors of DPN identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis were increasing age [age of 40-49 years (AOR = 3.80; 95% CI: 1.30, 10.60), age of ≥50 years (AOR = 6.50; 95% CI: 2.50, 16.50)], smoking habit [current smoker (AOR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.20, 9.50; former smoker (AOR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.60, 6.80)] and comorbid hypertension (AOR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1, 5.40). CONCLUSION: The magnitude of DPN among DM patients at JUMC was high. Early detection and appropriate management is vital particularly for these with increasing age, comorbid hypertension and smoking habit.